Preventive measures against earthquakes: How to act before, during and after an earthquake

An earthquake is the sudden movement of the Earth caused by the release of accumulated energy for a long time. Usually these movements are slow and imperceptible, but in some the displacement releases a great amount of energy, when one of the plates moves abruptly against the other, breaking it and originating the Earthquake. Earthquakes and earthquakes could also be caused by the activation of seismic faults and the eruption of volcanoes.

Understanding Richert Scale Richter scale It represents the seismic energy released and is based on the seismographic record. It is a scale that grows in potential or semilogarithmic form, so that each point of increase can mean an increase in energy ten or more times greater. MAGNITUDE EFFECTS Less than 3.5 Generally it does not feel, but it is registered. 3.5 – 5.4 It often feels, but only causes minor damage. 5.5 – 6.0 It causes light damage to buildings. 6.1 – 6.9 It can cause severe damage in heavily populated areas. 7.0 – 7.9 Major earthquake. It causes serious damage. 8 or higher Great earthquake Total destruction to nearby communities.

What to do in an earthquake ?

Before

1 Develop a protection, safety and evacuation plan. 
2 Basic knowledge about first aid and emergency kit. 
3 Secure high elements (shelves, bookcases or wardrobes) avoiding having objects that can fall before a movement. 
4 Know the location of gas keys, water, electricity fuses. 
5 Remove obstacles from evacuation routes. 
6 Locate and signal the safety zones and evacuation routes. 
7 When students are in the classrooms, keep the doors open to facilitate evacuation. 
8 Carry out evacuation drills in case of earthquakes, in order to instruct people on the measures to be taken and determine if the emergency plan is effective. 

During 

The main element is to remain calm, since the many suffer injuries as a result of cuts by crystals, falling objects, crowding of people on stairs and everything because of panic. To avoid these accidents, we provide some measures that may be effective in the face of a seismic movement. 

1 Serenity should be preserved avoiding panic or collective hysteria. 
2 Place yourself in previously established safe places, if you can not reach it, you should take refuge under tables, desks or desks, away from windows or objects that may fall. 
3 Sit on the floor with your knees together and your back towards the windows. 
4 Hold both hands tightly behind the head, covering the neck with them.
5 Hide your face between your arms to protect your head, close your eyes tightly. 
6 If it is necessary to evacuate the place, use the stairs not elevators. 
7 If you are in the yard, stay away from buildings, power lines and windows. 
8 If riding in a vehicle or bus, the driver must slow down and stop in a safe place. Also, people should stay in their seats until everything returns to normal.

After 

1 Observe if someone is injured and practice first aid. 
2 Go to the established protection zones, without losing your calm
and without leaving the group. 
3 Do not touch electrical power cables that have fallen. 
4 Close the gas valves to prevent any leakage and use it again until the proper inspection has been carried out. 
5 Control the flow of water and do not use it until checking culverts. 
6 Close the electric power circuits to avoid accidents due to contact with fallen wires or a possible fire. 7 Do not return to damaged areas without prior authorization. 
8 Use the phone only for urgent calls.
9 Tune the radio to know the emergency measures taken. 

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