Narcissistic personality disorder involves a distorted self-image. Emotions can be unstable and intense, and there is excessive concern with vanity, prestige, power, and personal adequacy. There also tends to be a lack of empathy and an exaggerated sense of superiority.
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is closely associated with egocentrism, a personality characteristic in which people see themselves and their interests and opinions as the only ones that really matter.
We often hear the term “narcissist,” but in reality, what does that mean? Does it merely describe someone who likes to be the center of attention, or likes the way he or she looks? Or is there more to it? The psychiatric literature defines narcissists as possessing specific traits, such as having a sense of entitlement or requiring excessive admiration. But what are narcissistic individuals really like on a day-to-day basis?
Narcissists view themselves entirely differently — i.e., preferentially — compared to others, making those around them less valued. And there’s the rub: Everything must be about the narcissist.
People with NPD have limited interest in the feelings of others. They lack empathy and are unable to feel or appreciate feelings that are not their own.
According to the United States’ National Library of Medicine, a person with NPD has an excessive sense of self-importance, an intense preoccupation with themselves, and a lack of empathy for others.
How Narcissists See Themselves:
- I love myself, and I know you do, too. In fact, everyone does. I can’t imagine anyone who doesn’t.
- I have no need to apologize. You, however, must understand, accept, and tolerate me no matter what I do or say.
- I have few equals in this world, and so far, I have yet to meet one. I am the best _______ (manager, businessman, lover, student, etc.).
- Most people don’t measure up. Without me to lead, others would flounder.
- I appreciate that there are rules and obligations, but those apply mostly to you, because I don’t have the time or the inclination to abide by them. Besides, rules are for the average person, and I am far above average.
- I hope you appreciate all that I am and everything that I have achieved for you — because I am wonderful and faultless.
Below are the most common traits found in people with NPD:
- An insatiable appetite for the attention of others
- Extreme feelings of jealousy
- An expectation of special treatment
- Exaggerating achievements, talents, and importance
- Extreme sensitivity and a tendency to be easily hurt and to feel rejected with little provocation
- Difficulty maintaining healthful relationships
- Fantasizing about their own intelligence, success, power, and appearance
- An ability to take advantage of others to achieve a goal, without regret or conscience
- A lack empathy, or ability to understand and share the feelings of others, and a tendency to disregard others’ feelings
- A belief that only certain people can understand their uniqueness
- A tendency to consider themselves as skilled in romance
- Responding to criticism with anger, humiliation, and shame
- Seeking out praise and positive reinforcement from others
- An expectation that others will agree with them and go along with what they want
- Whatever they crave or yearn for must be “the best”
Others may see narcissists’ goals as selfish ones. They may describe the person as self-obsessed, arrogant, tough-minded, and lacking emotion.
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
The term comes from a character in Greek mythology, called Narcissus. He saw his reflection in a pool of water and fell in love with it.
NPD is one of a group of conditions known as dramatic personality disorders. The person will have unstable and intense emotions and a distorted self-image.
An unusual love of self, an excessive sense of importance and superiority, and a preoccupation with success and power can indicate a lack of self-confidence. NPD often involves a deep sense of insecurity and a lack of self-esteem.
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